It is common knowledge that translation is an ambiguous, 1-to-n mapping process, but to date, our community has produced no empirical estimates of this ambiguity. We have developed an annotation tool that enables us to create representations that compactly encode an exponential number of correct translations for a sentence. Our findings show that naturally occurring sentences have billions of t...

In 2001, S. Bulman-Fleming et al. initiated the study of three flatness properties (weakly kernel flat, principally weakly kernel flat, translation kernel flat) of right acts $A_{S}$ over a monoid $S$ that can be described by means of when the functor $A_{S} otimes -$ preserves pullbacks. In this paper, we extend these results to $S$-posets and present equivalent descriptions of weakly kernel p...

different from those in other countries it appears to be a difficult task to find equivalent terminology in farsi for financial terms used in english and french. by the same token, direct translation of the western financial jargons to farsi results in misunderstanding at best and confusion at worst. we have asked dr.tabrizi & mr.sadeghi to examine the translation problems and provide our reade...

درطول تاریخ، قرآن با انگیزه‌ واهداف متعددی ترجمه و بازترجمه شده‌است. آغازقرن بیستم وتداوم نگرش علمی محققانه درحوزۀ اسلام شناسی قرن هجدهم نوزدهم میلادی، شرق شناسان دین‌پژوه بمنظورمقابله دیدگاه‌های غرض ورز ترجمه‌های‌غیرعلمی سده های قبل، به بازترجمه‌های‌علمی وکاربردی مبادرت کردند. ازجمله ترجمه‌های شاخص حاضرمی توان هارتموت بوبتسین شناس ودین پژوه آلمانی اشاره کرد که بصورت مستقیم ازاصل عربی زبان . یک...