this study was designed to find which one of the three different presentations, i.e. input, input-output, and output-input, will be more effective in iranian efl learners' vocabulary acquisitions. to this end, first 54 out of 64 female students, aged from 19 to 23 years, with an average of 21, were selected out of starter-level efl learners at the university of tarbiat moalem in bandar abb...

The present study examined whether the advantage of females on L2 vocabulary recall and acquisition is partly as a result of estrogen secretion or not. In this regard, through volunteer and convenience sampling 15 intermediate EFL female participants aged between 23-31 were selected from the subject pool of 55 participants. The participants were studying at Iranian Language Center located in Ba...

Vocabulary acquisition is essential to achieve fluency in the target language; however, it a daunting and unending task for second language learners due large number of words required be learne. This two-group, pre/post/delayed post-test quasi-experimental study aims investigate whether English as Foreign Language (EFL) could learn new incidentally from reading texts their coursebooks there was...

This review surveys research on second language vocabulary teaching and learning since1999. It first considers the distinction between incidental and intentional vocabulary learning.Although learners certainly acquire word knowledge incidentally while engaged in variouslanguage learning activities, more direct and systematic study of vocabulary is also required.There is a discussion of how word...