Dafni, A. 1983. Pollination of Orchis caspia – a nectarless plant which deceives the pollinators of nectariferous species from other plant families. Journal of Ecology 71: 467-474. In this study of the title species, Dafni contributes to basic knowledge about the nature of deceptive pollination systems and introduces the ideas of pollinators finding it hard to distinguish between a mimic and a ...

Ultraviolet-sensitive vision (UVS), believed to have evolved from an ancestral state of violet-sensitive vision (VS), is widespread among terrestrial birds, where it is thought to play a role in orientation, foraging, and sexual selection. Less is known, however, about the distribution and significance of UVS in seabirds. To date UVS has been definitively demonstrated only in two families (Lari...

the big eye kilka, clupeonella grimmi, is a marine fish living in depth of 20 to 200 meter of the caspian sea. its eye and retina were processed for histological and sem studies. paraffin embedded retina was cut radially and tangentially in 5 ?m thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin method. the unstained sections were manipulated for sem image observations. tangential retinal section...

This study aimed to assess the chemical, microbial and sensory properties in a new product from kilka in mass scale with two different types of batters (simple and tempura batter). Kilka fish were battered in a simple or tempura batters, before being breaded with conventional breading crumbs and pre-fried in sunflower oil at 170°C for 30 sec. The fried samples were then immediately frozen throu...