A credible theory of intelligence must provide a satisfactory account of the wide spectrum of learning abilities displayed by humans and some other animals. One of the most impressive of these is skill acquisition—the ability to create new skills, refine them through practice, and apply them in new task contexts. This ability to retain and refine solutions to important subproblems and then empl...

The simultaneous consideration of various notions (practice, procedure, prescribed task, effective task, task space, task search, task, method, activity) shows that the task accomplishment cannot be discussed at a general level, as classical approaches do. Rather, this paper points out the importance to distinguish the task definition and the task realization because the former is mainly static...

The notion of a compensation is widely used in advanced transaction models as means of recovery from a failure. Similar concepts are adopted for providing “transaction-like” behavior for long business processes supported by workflows technology. Generally, designing a compensating task in the context of a workflow process is a non-trivial job. In fact, not every task is compensatable. This work...

toefl ibt has turned recently heads to the impacts language tests can have on language learning. since error analysis-based instruction has gained a new life with the advent of the computer analysis of the learner’s language, the researchers of this study embarked on examining a sample of integrated and independent writing tasks of 45 iranian toefl ibt candidates in order to identify and classi...

　The attempt to find out if someone is telling a lie has been of human's interest. One of the techniques which is believed to be efficient in future is fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), using which the changes of regional blood flow during the designed paradigm can be recorded. This method has been considered as a better technique for studying lie and deception. For investigating th...