Research on reasoning in description logics has traditionally focused on the standard inference tasks of (un)satisfiability, subsumption, and instance checking. In recent years, however, there has been a growing interest in so-called non-standard inference services (cf. [1]) which prove useful in the creation, evolution, and utilisation of description logic knowledge bases (KBs). In this paper,...

Standard belief contraction assumes an underlying logic containing full classical propositional logic, but there are good reasons for considering contraction in less expressive logics. In this paper we focus on Horn logic. In addition to being of interest in its own right, our choice is motivated by the use of Horn logic in several areas, including ontology reasoning in description logics. We c...

intellect and faith are of the most important issues in the field of philosophy of religion which can solve many other philosophical problems. hence, investigating the relationship between intellect and faith and understanding their conflict or compatibility require a careful consideration. we, in this study, investigate the relationship between intellect and faith to identify their harmony or ...

Several authors have argued that a range of phenomena calls for a relativisation of propositional truth to contexts of assessment or, more generally, perspectives. I want to defend the more orthodox view that whether a proposition is true depends only on whether the represented states of affairs obtain. I offer an alternative account of the relativity suggested by the data, factual relativism, ...

this paper has studied motahari's point of view  on the divine revelation as a methodological problem. in islamic philosophers' point of view, divine revelation is result of :union: of prophet and active intellect. they consider the divine revelation as knowledge and emphasize its cognitive identity. on the other hand, some scholars reduce the divine revelation to tendencies and empha...