Attention with reverse logistics networks has increased during the last decade since their economic impact has been increasingly important and as environmental legislation has been becoming stricter. In this paper, A multi-period multi-echelon forward–reverse logistics network design under risk model is developed. The proposed network structure consists of three echelons in the forward directio...

customer knowledge management (ckm) has been a subject of much attention in recent years. the attractiveness of this subject is the result of its benefits for organizations; but despite the benefits of ckm implementation, many projects aimed at implementing ckm in organizations fail due to companies’ negligence with respect to its implementation factors. meanwile the majority of organizations u...

Supply chain is an organized combination of inbound logistics, production plants and multiechelon distribution network. Decentralized distribution networks are common and prone to exogenous and endogenous uncertainties. Information uncertainty from the downstream customer and material uncertainty from the upstream supplier makes the supply chain behavior more complex. Previous attempts made to ...

Integrating customers into the innovation process is gaining popularity among companies as means of addressing competitive and market pressures. At the same time, companies are faced with the challenge of selecting appropriate customer integration methods to sustain customers’ engagement and elicit contributions that are useful. We draw from previous research in consumer behaviour to identify c...

Demand Response (DR) is a widely used technique to minimize the peak to average consumption ratio during high demands. An effective DR scheduling algorithm should minimize the curtailment error the difference between the targeted and achieved curtailment values to minimize the costs to the utility provider and maintain system reliability. Several polynomial time heuristics have been proposed in...

We analyze data from a variety of sources, including historical data from a women’s clothing catalog, a field study in that catalog, survey responses to catalog stimuli, and grocery store data for frozen juice, toothpaste, and tuna. The analysis yields three conclusions. First, sale signs are less effective at increasing demand when more items have them. Second, total category sales are maximiz...