this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

abstract listening is a key and main tool in second language skill and its development is of prime concern to teachers and learners. furthermore, the application of technology in language classrooms has become more commonplace in the last fifty years. computer and the internet have made foreign language materials easy to access and use. so, the present study is an attempt to examine the effec...

The purpose of the present study was to identify the encountered challenges and problems of undergraduates when passing the training course. The paradigm of the present study was mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). The last year undergraduate students (2015-2016) at Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan considered as the population in both qualitative and quantita...

Introduction: Creating an appropriate and efficient workplace environment is a fundamental part of businesses in the modern world. The proper design of interior spaces and exterior facades in workplaces invigorates the workforce and reduces the risk of depression for them, while also improving the quality of their work and the attraction of customers.  Nevertheless, architects tend to d...

‏‎translation as a comunicative process is always said to be associated with various aspects of meaning loss or gain. subtitling as a mode of translating, due to special discoursal and textual conditions imposed upon it, is believed to be an obvious case of this loss or gain. presenting the spoken sound track of a film in writing and synchronizing the perception of this text by the viewers with...

abstract in written mode of language, metadiscourse markers are used commonly to help writers in general and academic writers in particular to produce coherent and professional texts. the purpose of the present study was to compare introduction sections of applied linguistics and physics articles regarding their use of interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers based on the model pro...

In this research, the effects of packaging with two types of polymeric films (Low density polyethylene and polypropylene) and three gas compositions (Air, 20% CO₂ + 60% O₂ and 20% CO₂ + 5% O₂) on quantitative and qualitative attributes and storage life of cornelian cherry fruits were evaluated. Also some fruits in containers without cap were considered as control. After treatment, the fruits w...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

this ethnographic case study research was carried out in a private school setting in the context of iran. the research tried to explore the analysis and identity construction of a group of learners and teachers along with the content analysis of books on the basis of four types of commodified, political, national and narrative identities. how english language learners and teachers in an informa...

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...