abstract when in administrative law the matter of administrative offences are raised, these offences would have legal nature if they are force able, some of these offences are related to administrative law, where as some other pelts are common in civil or penal law. the current research intends not only to consider the concept and foundation of administrative execution rules but also compares...

the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...

Background and Aims: Many bacteria including Escherichia coli may enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under unfavorable stresses, which are unable to be detected by culture-based methods. In this study, the use of Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for detection of VBNC state of E. coli O157:H7 was investigated. Materials and Methods:  Escherichia. coli O157:H7 was inoculated i...

the present study was an attempt to conduct a contrastive analysis between general english (ge) and english for specific purposes (esp) texts in terms of cohesion and cohesive devices. to this end, thirty texts from different esp and ge textbooks were randomly selected. then they were analyzed manually to find the frequency of cohesive devices. cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ...