building on previous studies on the effectiveness of different types of written corrective feedback, the present study aimed at investigating whether direct focused corrective feedback and direct unfocused corrective feedback produced any differential effects on the accurate use of english articles by efl learners across two different proficiency levels (low and high). in current study, the par...

the present study was an attempt to determine the types of motivation and levels of foreign language learning anxiety among efl students studying at azad and state universities in kermanshah and to determine the relationship between these two factors and language proficiency and gender. to this end, the foreign language learning motivation scale, by deci and ryan )1985(, were administered to 12...

this research concentrates on the lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, microfacies and sedimentary environment of the asmari and gachsaran formations at southwest firuzabad. the thickness of the studied section in all 608.95 meters that 220.8 meters belong to the asmari formation and 387.95 meters belong to the gachsaran formation (champe and mol members). in the study area, the asmari formation...

with the introduction of communicative language teaching, a large number of studies have concerned with students’ oral participation in language classrooms. although the importance of classroom participation is evident, some language learners are unwilling to engage in oral activities. this passivity and unwillingness to participate in language classroom discussions is known as “reticence”. rev...

the present study sought to investigate the impact of using mind-mapping technique instruction on female elementary efl learners reading comprehension; it also investigated their attitudes towards using mind-mapping technique as a tool to improve their reading comprehension. this study followed a quasi-experimental design with two intact groups as experimental, and control groups. the participa...

chapter one is devotod to collect some notion and background informations, which are needed in the next chapters. it also contains some important statements which will be proved in a more general context later in this thesis. in chapter two, we show that if the marginal factor-group is of order np1...pk,n>1, then we obtain a bound for the order of the verbal subgroup. also a bound for the bear-...

a major concern in the last few years has been the fact that the cultural centers are keeping distance with what they have been established for and instead of reproducing the hegemony, they have turned into a place for resistance and reproduction of resistance against hegemony. because the cultural centers, as urban public spaces in the last two decades, have been the subject of ideological dis...

“any science seeks generalities; the aim is to transcend knowledge of particular cases by discovering general regularities or laws” (chesterman, 2001, p. 1). these were the words of chesterman whose paper has served as a typical example of numerous papers carried out on ‘translation universals’ since the mid-nineties. blum-kulka (1986) is among translation studies scholars who proposed ‘explici...

in the area of vocabulary teaching and learning although much research has been done, only some of it has led to effective techniques of vocabulary teaching and many language learners still have problem learning vocabulary. the urge behind this study was to investigate three methods of teaching words. the first one was teaching words in context based on a traditional method of teaching that is,...

esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...