به عقیده hodgkinson (2002) مدارس امروزه ازنظرفکری، قرهنگی،نژادی، اقتصا دی واجتماعی متفاوت می باشند.اگرچه اختلاف سطح مهارتی دانش آموزان مشکلات زیادی راایجا دکرده است، توجه کمتری نسبت به تربیت مدرسین وتهیه مطا لب آموزشی وفراهم نمودن شرایط مناسب برای زبان آموزان با تواناییهای متفاوت جهت پیشرفت تحصیلی آن ها بخصوص درزمینه ی مهارت گفتاری صورت گرفته است. یکی از سوالات مهم درامرتحصیل به طورعام وبخصوص د...

fuzzy logic has been developed over the past three decades into a widely applied techinque in classification and control engineering. today fuzzy logic control is one of the most important applications of fuzzy set theory and specially fuzzy logic. there are two general approachs for using of fuzzy control, software and hardware. integrated circuits as a solution for hardware realization are us...

this ethnographic case study research was carried out in a private school setting in the context of iran. the research tried to explore the analysis and identity construction of a group of learners and teachers along with the content analysis of books on the basis of four types of commodified, political, national and narrative identities. how english language learners and teachers in an informa...

abstract recent studies suggest that prelistening activities play an important role in the development of listening comprehension (e.g. long 1990;chiang and dunkel 1992; schmidt-rinehart 1994; jensen and hansen 1995; robinson et al., 1995; buck, 1995; foster and skehan,1996; teng 1996; robinson, 2001; chang and read 2006). in line with previous studies and to shed light on a new aspect of sche...

even though, to date, a lot of studies have been conducted on the subject of politeness theory, there are very few studies regarding the applicability of this theory to translation between english and persian which shows the reason behind conducting the present study. this study was carried out with the aim of highlighting whether there is any difference between english and persian methods of u...

today, scouring is one of the important topics in the river and coastal engineering so that the most destruction in the bridges is occurred due to this phenomenon. whereas the bridges are assumed as the most important connecting structures in the communications roads in the country and their importance is doubled while floodwater, thus exact design and maintenance thereof is very crucial. f...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

‏‎translation as a comunicative process is always said to be associated with various aspects of meaning loss or gain. subtitling as a mode of translating, due to special discoursal and textual conditions imposed upon it, is believed to be an obvious case of this loss or gain. presenting the spoken sound track of a film in writing and synchronizing the perception of this text by the viewers with...