One explanation given for the gender wage gap is the division of labor in the home. On the marriage outset, averagely speaking, husbands who are older invest more human capital in market activities than wives. This paper concentrates on the age gap at first marriage. It hypothesizes that the demand for children is one important reason for the husband-wife age gap. To show this, the paper extend...

introduction: rapid urbanization and reduction of rural population are common problems among developing countries. unemployment and rural migration are mentioned as main reasons for these problems. according to the 2011 census in iran, the rural population decreased to less than one-third, or about 29 percent of total population. demographic change of the country and the need for jobs will exac...

Women are more vulnerable than men to climate change. According the literature, this vulnerability is result of pre-existing gender inequalities, social marginalization, less access education and knowledge, poverty, insecure land rights, heavy reliance on agriculture lack mobility. This paper focuses rural women’s change, through three case studies, also empowerment involvement them in policy-m...

Agriculture provides economic opportunity through innovation; helps rural America to thrive; promotes agricultural production that better nourishes Americans; and aims to preserve natural resources through healthy private working lands, conservation, improved watersheds, and restored forests. From agricultural production to food supply, agriculture supports rural and urban economies across the ...

A series of four studies examined reasons for the underrepresentation of women in computing. These studies involved 1) 32 male and 32 female university computing students, 2) 19 female computing professionals, 3) 33 schoolgirls, and 4) 22 Australian and 22 Asian university computing students. The studies identified misperceptions about the nature of computing careers as a major factor deterring...