Territory and territoriality are two key concepts in geopolitics and political geography that each of them cannot be studied without considering other. Territoriality  refers to the behavioral communication between control and space. Indeed, attempts of an individual or a group or a nation to influence or control people, phenomena, and relationships, through delimitation and monitoring a geogra...

Introduction and Background:  In political geography, sovereignty is the highest coercive power on a territorial scale. Which has been the creator of classical political geographical views since the Westphalian period. However, since the 1980s, the function of Westphalian sovereignty in the production of geographical space has been criticized by poststructuralist geographers and a new wave of t...

abstract chickpea is weak in competition of weeds that damages to it at between 40 t0 60 percent. kermanshah province is one of the most important region for chickpea fields in iran. for these reosons, weed management is necessary in this crop. in order to evaluate of herbicides and stubble control on broad leave weeds control in chickpea. experiment was conducted in agricultural research stat...

The geographical space as a “phenomenon” includes various phenomena that we can put them in the two Dasien(s) and non-Dasien(s) layers. We try to answer this question: “which methodology is suitable methodology to cognition geographical space?” by the hermeneutic phenomenology perspective, and critical viewpoint to the categories of methodology (explanation & interpretat...