background: citizenship education is increasingly considered as an important strategy to empower youths in taking responsibilities and playing their individual and social roles, and to protect them against psychosocial pathologies. the purpose of the present descriptive study was to investigate students’ levels of knowledge,  their intention, subjective norms, and attitudes toward the character...

oxidative stress has been implicated in the progression of hiv to aids, since hiv usually replicates in a highly oxidized condition and cd4+ t lymphocytes can be activated via a cascade of internal oxidative pathways, which enhances the formation of proteins and enzymes. thus, antioxidants should potentially be useful for the treatment and prevention of hiv infection as a new alternative strate...

This paper proposes and verifies methods to improve the isolation of the attosecond pulses generated via the attosecond lighthouse technique in gases. We find that the converging fundamental field can compensate for the inherent diverging wavefront of the attosecond pulses, but is only valid over a limited portion of the spectrum and sacrifices the maximum attainable photon energy. We discuss t...

In this volume, we have explored action technologies that enhance action and learning: action research, action-reflection learning, action science, collaborative inquiry; participatory action research, and popular education. Each of these technologies offers adult and continuing educators a unique approach to changing individuals, groups, organizations, and societies. Whether the adult educator...