abstract target-oriented approaches to translation studies are regarded as recent theories of translation. one of the most famous theories among these approaches is descriptive translation studies presented by toury (1995). this theory gives a new dimension to translation studies and gives importance to the descriptive rather than prescriptive studies. it also identifies three sets of transla...

the central purpose of this study was to conduct a case study about the role of self monitoring in teacher’s use of motivational strategies. furthermore it focused on how these strategies affected students’ motivational behavior. although many studies have been done to investigate teachers’ motivational strategies use (cheng & d?rnyei, 2007; d?rnyei & csizer, 1998; green, 2001, guilloteaux & d?...

the present study was carried on to investigate the use of face-keeping strategies in reaction to complaints by male and female in two different cultures, persian and american english. to see if apology strategies are affected by cultural, contextual preferences and gender of interlocutors in two distinct languages of persian and american english. the hypotheses to be tested were 1) ifids, acce...

abstract reception environment has considerable effects on accepting a translation. as the expectations of a target culture and its values and needs change throughout history, its criteria for accepting a translation or rejecting it will change accordingly (gentzler, 2001). the expectations of iran, as the reception environment in the present study, have changed after the islamic revolution. i...

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

در ادراه امور سازمان نیز از تکنولوژی data base در دو زمینه مشخص یعنی بصورت سیستم های عملیاتی و سیستم های اطلاعاتی میتوان استفاده کرد. در شرایط کنونی وجود موانع متعدد از قبیل فرهنگ غالب در سازمان های بزرگ و طرز تلقی مدیران دیوان سالار از یکطرف و تازه گی و پیچیده بودن فنون مربوط به سیتم های data base فقدان دانش، تجربه و تخصص کافی برای بهره گیری کامل از آن از طرف دیگر، برنامه ریزی و اقدام برای ایج...

the study aims to achieve research and testing of hypotheses survey techniques and questionnaires to collect information used. 61 questions in the questionnaire included 15 questions and 46 open questions according to research in the study population, girls and their mothers as the value of different children investment should be. mothers according to the research community benefits from havi...

abstract because of the many geopolitical, geo economical and geo strategically potentials and communicational capabilities of eco region, members can expand the convergence and the integration in base of this organization that have important impact on members development and expanding peace in international and regional level. based on quality analyzing of library findings and experts interv...