Centralized control algorithm limits the hardware flexibility of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). Therefore, distributed structure has recently started to be seen in industry application. Even though controller reduces single point failure risk compared centralized controller, entire systems increases due number local controllers. However, can programmed such way as replace faulty and sust...

In the course of globalization, many enterprises change their strategies and are coupled in partnerships with suppliers, subcontractors and customers. This coupling forms supply chains comprising several geographically distributed production facilities. Production planning in a supply chain is a complicated and difficult task, as it has to be optimal both for the local manufacturing units and f...

Abstract Struggling to cope with the pandemic, people are seeking for a more convenient and short-distance community lifestyle. The fourth industrial revolution has also given rise transportation information-based lifestyles. Around railway stations, traditional circular planning method based on 5-10-15 min walking distance forms centralized urban structure. When focus in-between space of multi...

Before talking about the structure of public administration in Romania, we must consider social and political environment our country. Romania is a country with democratic regime for more than 30 years, but which has been under umbrella communism several decades. Communism meant centralized, closed administrative economic system.

This research considers a fresh-product supply chain consisting of a single-buyer, a single-supplier for deteriorating products where the market demand is dependent on the retail price, fresh rate, and remaining rate. Firstly, in a competitive model, the primary decision variables (i.e., the supplier's wholesale price and preservation-technology investment and also buyer's order quantity and re...

In recent years, comprehensive researches have provided ample support for the supply chains in the coordinated decision-making framework. However, the issue of closed-loop supply chain coordination considering various transportation modes has not yet been addressed in the literature. In this paper, a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer is investigate...