Planning for electricity generation systems is a very important task and should take environmental and economic factors into account. This paper reviews the existing metrics and methods in evaluating energy sustainability, and we propose a sustainability assessment index system. The input indexes include generation capacity, generation cost, and land use. The output indexes include desirable an...

In recent years, the assessment of environmental performance has been received considerable attention by environmental policy indicators and decision makers. In this regard, this paper applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a management tool for evaluating the environmental performance of the firms and uses the extended bounded adjusted measure (extended BAM) for including undesirable outpu...

This research identifies returns to scale (RTS) of efficient decision making units (DMUs) with desirable (good) and undesirable (bad) inputs and outputs by presenting a new DEA (data envelopment analysis) approach. In this study, we first introduce a new input-output oriented model to determine efficient DMUs in the presence of undesirable factors and then, returns to scale of these DMUs are es...

We have investigated a fault injection based tech nique for undermining the ability of software compo nents to produce undesirable outputs into the state of the system Undesirable outputs are any class of out puts that a component must not release into the state of the system given its current environment Software components are said to be failure tolerant if they release desirable outputs rega...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is an efficient method to perform evaluation of units. in dea we try to evaluate units with undesirable factors in input & outputs by satisfaction function, testing some models. on the other hand benefiting this concept, we can identify non-efficient units. also we can recognize why these units are inefficient and calculate the reason of their inefficiency and ho...