abstract when in administrative law the matter of administrative offences are raised, these offences would have legal nature if they are force able, some of these offences are related to administrative law, where as some other pelts are common in civil or penal law. the current research intends not only to consider the concept and foundation of administrative execution rules but also compares...

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...

In traditional DEA models, one faces the challenge of zero and unequal weights for evaluating each decision-making unit (DMU). On the other hand, for measuring the efficiency in these models, the system is considered as a black box, disregarding its internal processes. One of the strategies applied to deal with this problem is to use common weights of each input/output in all DMUs. In practice,...

The purpose of this paper is to fully ranking decision-making units using a combination of multi-criteria decision-making techniques and data envelopment analysis. Due to this fact that weights play an important role in ranking the options by multi-criteria decision-making methods and most of these methods have weakness in using weighting methods, therefore the ability for data envelopment anal...