abstract recent studies suggest that prelistening activities play an important role in the development of listening comprehension (e.g. long 1990;chiang and dunkel 1992; schmidt-rinehart 1994; jensen and hansen 1995; robinson et al., 1995; buck, 1995; foster and skehan,1996; teng 1996; robinson, 2001; chang and read 2006). in line with previous studies and to shed light on a new aspect of sche...

abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using model essays on the development of writing proficiency of iranian pre-intermediate efl learners. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 55 pre- intermediate learners of parsa language institute were chosen by means of administering proficiency test. based on the results of the pretest, two matched groups, one as the expe...

the outcome of this research is a practical framework for “idea generation phase of new product development process based on customer knowledge”. in continue, the mentioned framework implemented in a part of iran n.a.b market and result in segmenting and profiling this market. also, the critical new product attributes and bases of communication message and promotion campaigns extracted. we have...

?it is of utmost priority for an experienced teacher to train the mind of the students, and enable them to think critically and correctly. the most important question here is that how to develop such a crucial ability? this study examines a new way to the development of critical thinking utilizing critical discourse analytical tools. to attain this goal, two classes of senior english la...

Today Identify and analyze critical natural, economic, socio-cultural, and political drivers Creation, growth, and development of cities. It has become one of the essential concerns of urban planners and decision-makers for short, medium, and long-term planning for citieschr('39') growth and development. The aim of this study is the Identify and analyze key drivers affecting the formation proce...

Cities are the center of technological-based evolutions and they play a fundamental role in economic performances. Moreover, cities are the pivotal points of social and cultural affairs and the hub of political conflicts (It could be both war and peace). Also, they have a determinative share in the economic growth and development of societies. The future development of the developing countries ...

nowadays, air pollution is a global problem that has had significant growth by technology development, population growth andindustrial development. industrial development brought natural resources deterioration, more manufacturing products, and more environmental pollutants. if pollutant won’t be controlled, human-being and wildlife will face the critical risks. significant release and critical...

Introduction Agriculture sector is actually known as an economic sector, as it is said that economic growth would be impossible in the absence of agriculture growth. Nowadays, by using accurate scientific researches as an inspiration source and investigating environment potentials and capabilities of every area we can achieve comprehensive agricultural development and principles. In this way...

abstract this study aimed at investigating the effect of bilingual teaching of cognate words (persian-english) on iranian upper intermediate efl learners’ knowledge of lexical development. for this purpose,100 subjects participated in this study out of which 40 learners were selected for this study and they were assigned into two groups, control and experimental. cross-language cognates (wor...