phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

  Concern about the impact of climate change on natural and socioeconomic systems has been increased in recent years and this issue caused an increasing interest in the scientific community . The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in parameters such as precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature by General Circulation Models (GCM) and its impact on average runoff using SWAT model in Gh...

126 abstract: in this research we studied the effects of cyclic hydration and dehydration of cysts of artemia urmiana and artemia parthenogenetica on the hatching percentage, survival and growth. the experiment was carried out in 3 treatments (1-3 hydration/dehydration cycles) with 3 replicates for each treatment. later effects of cold preservation at -20°c during three time periods were ...

having conducted the experiment and analysed the data, the researcher computed the groups mean scores and variances for the test relating to the research question. as the final atep, a t-test was conodonted for the hypothesis. as noted earlier, the significance level was determined at .05 and .01 respectively. the observed t-value was higher than the critical t-value at. 5 and .01 levels. conse...

this study investigated the potential role of age in inductive and deductive grammar learning among iranian foreign language learners. the experimental population consisted of our randomly selected samples including two groups of children (with age of exposure to english within 8-13), and two groups of adults (with age of exposure to english within 11-13). thus, the comparison was between ch...

abstract: postmethod is a newly developed pedagogy which as an alternative to method rejects the notion of good or bad methods and the concept of best method that can be generalized and appropriate for all contexts. instead, it treats each context as unique and one of a kind which cant be compared with other cases. this study is a postmethod-oriented one which investigates whether and how far t...

the study of air infiltration into the buildings is important from several perspectives that may be noted to energy and design of hvac systems, indoor air quality and thermal comfort and design of smoke control systems. given the importance of this issue, an experimental and numerical study of air infiltration through conventional doors and windows has been explored in iran. to this end, at fir...

In order to determinate the cardinal temperatures and investigate the effect of temperature on seed germination and seedling growth of Securigera securidaca, a study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 8 temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40oC) and four replications in research laboratory of faculty of agriculture at the Birjand University in 2013. A two-segm...

Climate change, with effects on temperature and rainfall, has a great influence on dry period. Therefore, it is very important to study this phenomenon in the analysis of dry period length. In this study, we used GFDL-ESM2M and four RCP scenarios to simulate precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature and used CCT with statistical methods to downscale the results. The data used in this study...