abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...

we have devided the thesis in to five chapters. the first recollects facts from purely algebraic theory of jordan algebras and also basic properties of jb and jb* - algebras which are needed in the sequel. in the second chapter we extend to jb* - algebras, a classical result due to cleveland [8]. this result shows shows the weakness of jb* - norm topology on a jb* - algebera. in chapter three, ...

abstract the problems caused by the traditional system of criminal justice (which are based on remuneration and rehabilitation) such as, lack of attention to victim’s rights and position and society, underlie the emergence of restorative justice which had the victim-centered perspective, with respect to the role of the offender and participation of civil society. meanwhile, criminal mediation ...

any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

Aims & Backgrounds: The US and the Soviet Union led the east and the west camps during the cold war and the geopolitical order was laid on the foundation of the rivalries between these two superpowers. But, after the collapse of the bipolar system, the US became the undisputed power in the international arena and the geopolitical order underwent changes during three decades after that and the c...

deployable scissor type structures are composed of the so-called scissor-like elements (sles), which are connected to each other at an intermediate point through a pivotal connection and allow them to be folded into a compact bundle for storage or transport. several sles are connected to each other in order to form units with regular polygonal plan views. the sides and radii of the polygons are...

   In the course of the evolution of states from the classical states to the modern states, we consider concepts such as two-factor governments, quasi-governments, semi-governments, and so on. Certainly, these emerging states require the proposition of geographical branding or geopolitical branding. Geopolitical branding is one of the main applications of geopolitical agents and is in deep conn...

 With the onset of the political crisis in Syria, regional and transnational actors, based on their own interests, have adopted different orientations in relation to this country, which has a special geopolitical and geostrategic importance in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the role of actors such as Russia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is of great importance. The purpose of the present article...

reinsurance is widely recognized as an important instrument in the capital management of an insurance company as well as its risk management tool. this thesis is intended to determine premium rates for different types of reinsurance policies. also, given the fact that the reinsurance coverage of every company depends upon its reserves, so different types of reserves and the method of their calc...