A credible theory of intelligence must provide a satisfactory account of the wide spectrum of learning abilities displayed by humans and some other animals. One of the most impressive of these is skill acquisition—the ability to create new skills, refine them through practice, and apply them in new task contexts. This ability to retain and refine solutions to important subproblems and then empl...

The simultaneous consideration of various notions (practice, procedure, prescribed task, effective task, task space, task search, task, method, activity) shows that the task accomplishment cannot be discussed at a general level, as classical approaches do. Rather, this paper points out the importance to distinguish the task definition and the task realization because the former is mainly static...

The notion of a compensation is widely used in advanced transaction models as means of recovery from a failure. Similar concepts are adopted for providing “transaction-like” behavior for long business processes supported by workflows technology. Generally, designing a compensating task in the context of a workflow process is a non-trivial job. In fact, not every task is compensatable. This work...

speaking assessment is still construed as a complicated, under-researched process from the vantage point of tasks and rater characteristics. the present study aimed at investigating if and how english major and none english major teachers differ in their perception of the construct of oral proficiency while assessing learners’ l2 oral proficiency.  to this end, 38 male and female non-native efl...

Muscle fatigue is associated with a number of clinical diseases, including chronic pain conditions. Decreases in extracellular pH activates acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), depolarizes muscle, protects against fatigue, and produces pain. We examined whether ASIC3-/- mice were more fatigable than ASIC3+/+ mice in a task-dependent manner. We developed two exercise protocols to measure exercise...