there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

postcolonial feminism, also dubbed as third world feminism, is an innovative approach, demonstrating the way women of colonized countries suffer from both native patriarchies and imperial ideology. also due to this double-colonization, postcolonial feminists contend that third world women are subjected to both colonial domination of empire and male domination of patriarchy. while western femini...

one of the applications of nanotechnology is use of carbon nanotubes for the targeted delivery of drug molecules. to demonstrate the physical and chemical properties of biomolecules and identify new material of drug properties, the interaction of carbon nanotubes (cnts) with biomolecules is a subject of many investigations. cnts is a synthetic compound with extraordinary mechanical, thermal, el...

the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

abstract this study tried to investigate whether there was any significant relationship between technical translation quality of the senior english translation students and their levels of verbal-linguistic, visual-spatial and interpersonal intelligences. in order to investigate the research questions, the researcher selected a hundred senior english translation students from three universitie...

nowadays,tourism industry considered as one of the main sources of income of a country.unfortunately and despite of owning plenty of cultural historical and natural attractions, iran has not reached to a proper position in this field. besides, the historical cities of a country are considered as the income resource and national wealth of it. qazvin with a rich cultural precedent, have suitable ...

recent studies in scientific education as well as foreign and second language instruction suggest that thinking has rarely been an integral part of education and training in classroom. some scholars decried the lack of emphasis on thinking in the institutes and schools. they noted that memorization and drills were rewarded,while inquiry, reflection, and consideration of alternatives were frowne...

just as motivation is important in sla research, demotivation constitutes an important factor, too. there are many studies done on demotivation and burnout of teachers. many of these studies have been conducted on one or two aspects of english instruction. consequently, there are few studies which have been done on more than two aspects of english teaching. the aim of this study is to find out ...

vocabulary as a major component of language learning has been the object of numerous studies each of which has its own contribution to the field. finding the best way of learning the words deeply and extensively is the common objective of most of those studies. however, one effective way for achieving this goal is somehow neglected in the field. using a variety of activities such as games can r...

introduction: diabetes mellitus is an growing national and international public health concern. the number of people affected by diabetes in world by 2030 will be 69% in developing countries. regular physical activity plays a key role in the management of type 2 diabetes melitus, particularly glycemic control. it has been recommended that peoples with type 2 diabetes participate in moderate-int...