This paper introduces the topic of " Collaborative Distance " within Distributed Collaboration as being an introduction to this Special Issue on Collaborative Working Environments 1 (CWE). It starts in discussing various related concepts, identified during an extensive literature review, on both proximity and distance in distributed collaboration. Then, a Collaborative Distance Framework (CDF) ...

We propose a new approach to commutative watermarkingencryption (CWE). A permutation cipher is used to encrypt the multimedia data, which leaves the global statistics of the multimedia data intact. Therefore, any non-localized watermarking scheme that depends only on global statistics of the multimedia data can be combined with the permutation cipher to form a CWE scheme. We demonstrate this ap...

In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the reflectance of various colours and effects of vary-ing colours on human working and production. Different colours have different reflectance and energy associ-ated with it. Colours play a significant role in the colour scheme of the houses, offices, factories etc. The col-ours may be seen on walls, tabletops, equipment, machines etc. In...

Background The purpose of this study was to measure the level of quality of work life (QWL) among hospital employees in Iran. Additionally, it aimed to identify the factors that are critical to employees’ QWL. It also aimed to test a theoretical model of the relationship between employees’ QWL and their intention to leave the organisation. Methods A survey study was conducted based on a sample ...

the paper has been performed to review library administrators' strategic planning role to improve the library staff of medical sciences university of iran. the study is survey-descriptive. the statistical population consists of 50 library administrators working in iran medical sciences university, but 44 subjects responded to the questionnaire used to gather data. the reliability (91.7%) w...

heat stress effects on physical and mental health of workers and decreases human function. asphalt workers are both exposed to the heat of their working process and to the sun heat. this study aimed at evaluating thermal stress and its following function fall and the effect of asphalt work on the degree of heat stress and asphalt workers’ physiological parameters. the present study was done at ...