this experimental study has been conducted to test the effect of oral presentation on the development of l2 learners grammar. but this oral presentation is not merely a deductive instruction of grammatical points, in this presentation two hypotheses of krashen (input and low filter hypotheses), stevicks viewpoints on grammar explanation and correction and widdowsons opinion on limited use of l1...

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between fear of negative evaluation (fne) and communication strategies (css) among iranian efl learners. it was aimed to examine the differences in the use of communication strategies between speakers with high or low degree of fear of negative evaluation. the current study was a case study consisting of 10 english learners at...

 Aims and background: Individuals with pronated feet suffer from many biomechanical dysfunctions during running. The purpose of this study was to compare the peak plantar pressure in ten areas of the foot, ground reaction force, center of pressure and loading rate during three different running patterns between healthy subjects and pronated feet individuals with and without LBP. Materials a...

abstract listening is a key and main tool in second language skill and its development is of prime concern to teachers and learners. furthermore, the application of technology in language classrooms has become more commonplace in the last fifty years. computer and the internet have made foreign language materials easy to access and use. so, the present study is an attempt to examine the effec...

Introduction: Caffeine, with its energizing and anti-inflammatory properties, in addition to increasing athletic performance, can reduce the exercise-induced inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine supplementation and exhausting exercise on inflammatory factors in hot environments. Methods: Thirty male athletes with a mean age of 26.6 ± 3.9 years...

Ankle sprains are among the most common athletic injuries. Even when treated, two third of the subjects experience it again. Physiotherapy is the chosen treatment for grade I & II ankle ligament sprains. Rehabilitation of such cases costs about two billion dollars a year in the USA. Inadequacy of the treatments and improper treatment protocols seem to be the main cause of recurrence. The presen...

Background and Aim: With regular exercise, the heart undergoes structural and functional changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the right ventricular changes by echocardiography in military personnel participating in endurance or strength training. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 40 male military students at a military medical university in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Echoca...