there are instances in which it is desirable to determine relationships among fruit physical attributes. for example, fruits are often graded on the basis of size and projected area, but it may be more suitable and/or economical to develop a machine which grades by mass. therefore, a relationship between mass and dimensions or projected areas and/ or volume of fruits is needed. various grad...

The main goal of the present paper is to analyze the effects of currency collapses (a large devaluation of country’s nominal exchange rate) on real gross domestic products of six Asian countries (Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Korea, and Turkey). A yearly data is collected from the WDI of the World Bank over the period 1980-2011. The econometric model includes the real GDP growt...

this paper introduces a novel methodology for the segmentation of brain ms lesions in mri volumes using a new clustering algorithm named scpfcm.  scpfcm uses membership, typicality and spatial information to cluster each voxel. the proposed method relies on an initial segmentation of ms lesions in t1-w and t2-w images by applying scpfcm algorithm, and the t1 image is then used as a mask and is ...

This study provides exploratory evidence on auditors’ framing and evaluation of hypotheses, identifies implications for improving audit decision-making and facilitates the interpretation of prior research. Prior studies usually assume hypotheses to be framed as mutually exclusive and exhaustive. However, both verbal protocol evidence and probability assessments reveal that in a realistic case m...

The New Deal for Young People (NDYP) is one of the main components of the UK government’s Welfare-to-Work strategy aimed at raising employment and reducing benefit dependency. It combines elements of an active labour market programme with a stricter benefit regime. This paper evaluates its impact on the wider economy, emphasising the importance of the programme’s effect on wage pressure, which ...