today, scouring is one of the important topics in the river and coastal engineering so that the most destruction in the bridges is occurred due to this phenomenon. whereas the bridges are assumed as the most important connecting structures in the communications roads in the country and their importance is doubled while floodwater, thus exact design and maintenance thereof is very crucial. f...

Spatial analysis as the main approach of geography was reviewed and searched through its historical development. The results of this exploratory research showed that this approach was born after the Second World War due to the overall interest of geographers to develop universal theories and laws. The advocators of this field believed that the old regional geography was not able to develop ...

nowadays enhancing critical thinking in learners is considered one of the foreign language teachers’ tasks due to its high position in foreign language classrooms. when it comes to selecting materials for language classrooms, there are obviously some criteria that teachers should apply. the present study aimed at a critical thinking based analysis of ten picture story books and ten folktales th...

‎Analysis of large geostatistical data sets‎, ‎usually‎, ‎entail the expensive matrix computations‎. ‎This problem creates challenges in implementing statistical inferences of traditional Bayesian models‎. ‎In addition,researchers often face with multiple spatial data sets with complex spatial dependence structures that their analysis is difficult‎. ‎This is a problem for MCMC sampling algorith...

magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is a notable medical imaging technique that makes of phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance. because of the resolution and the technology being harmless, mri has considered as the most desirable imaging technique in clinical applications. the visual quality of mri plays an important role in accuracy of medical delineations that can be seriously degraded by exi...

Spatial count data is usually found in most sciences such as environmental science, meteorology, geology and medicine. Spatial generalized linear models based on poisson (poisson-lognormal spatial model) and binomial (binomial-logitnormal spatial model) distributions are often used to analyze discrete count data in which spatial correlation is observed. The likelihood function of these models i...