a common problem arising in project management is the fact that the baseline schedule is often disrupted during the project execution because of uncertain parameters. as a result, project managers are often unable to meet the deadline time of the milestones. robust project scheduling is an effective approach in case of uncertainty. upon adopting this approach, schedules are protected against po...

Risk management is one of the most influential parts of project management that has a major impact on the success or failure of projects. Due to the increasing use of information technology (IT) systems in all fields and the high failure rate of IT projects in software development and production, it is essential to effectively manage these projects is essential. Therefore, this study is aimed t...

earned value management (evm) is the process of integrating the time and cost management within the framework of project scope management. the earned value has provided methods for predicting the cost for projects. in large part, these methods have not been improved upon since their beginnings and remain unsubstantiated as to accuracy. in this direction, several mathematics formulas have been d...

Many factors including incentive-pay, powerful shareholders, and takeover threats push for-profits managers towards maximizing shareholder value. One of the most striking factors about non-profit firms is that they have no comparable governance institutions, and the only check on managers are boards that are themselves rarely responsible to anyone outside the firm. This essay discusses the impl...