sezgin argued that written documents were used from early on and although collectors transmitted their works orally but extracted hadiths from written sources. according to him the isnads contain the name of authors and the authoritative transmitters of the books. also he proposed a method based on isnad analysis to single out the sources of a collector and to reconstruct the early lost works. ...

We shape our tools and they shape us in return. Trapped in an invisible technological loop, we underestimate the pervasive impact of the tools we use, ignorant of the fact that each technological transition can change the way we act, feel or think. Worse, our understanding of technological evolutionary dynamics is still in its infancy. We are missing the equivalent of a Darwinian Theory of Evol...

I think Mr. Yang Peng's lecture has made a great contribution to our understanding of the similarities and differences between God in ancient Chinese books Bible. It is very specific real. The "seven characteristics" he summarized, summed up attributes Bible or Christianity into seven characteristics, which quite accurate: an adjective front, noun back, adjectives are indispensable (if have tim...

It is inevitable that healthcare workers throughout their careers will witness actual or potential threats to patient safety in the course of their work. Some of these threats will result in serious harm occurring to others, whilst at other times such threats will result in minimal harm, or a ‘near miss’ where harm is avoided at the last minute. Despite organizations encouraging employees to ‘s...

the existence of eight imitations and five translations of hosn va del into other languages such as english and german shows the importance of this persian book of verse. many researchers have sought the sources of this work and some sources have been mentioned, but the imitation of sibak neishaburi from nezami’s khosrow va shirin, as the most important source of this work, has not yet been m...

contemporary poets and writers use from their past legacy and their work influenced by the relationship to the bad or good works of the past writers whom they revealed strength and weakness of the past societies. najib mahfouz used past legacy in his work by “thartharafawq al-nil (“chatter on the nile”) and animate and quicken his novel with this skill. he used kinds of past legacies such as hi...

in he present study,i explain how the great logician qazwini, dabiran al-katibi (600-675 ad)questioned a well accepted “complete inclusion” rule with a counterexample in modal logic (concearning with, possibility and contingency).this rule demonstrates a vise versa relation between contradictories of two universal concepts when a “complete inclusion” relation exists between them.two letters by ...