in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

today, scouring is one of the important topics in the river and coastal engineering so that the most destruction in the bridges is occurred due to this phenomenon. whereas the bridges are assumed as the most important connecting structures in the communications roads in the country and their importance is doubled while floodwater, thus exact design and maintenance thereof is very crucial. f...

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of instruction through debate on male and female efl learners’ reading comprehension, to examine the differences between the performance of male and female participants on the five dimensions of cctst including analysis, evaluation, inference, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning, and to examine the differences between male ...

Introduction: Children's cancer is a special bio-psychological status that challenges the percieved social support and coping strategies of mothers with different demographic characteristics and affects their psychological adaptation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect role of demographic characteristics (age and education level), with the mediating role...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of innovation strategy on the performance of new product development, with emphasis on the value co-creation strategy in Tehranchr('39')s private insurance companies. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The research community was senior managers in five areas of insurance (liability, fire, automobile, freight and machinery) i...

in recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers to investigate the relationship betweenteacher self-efficacy and classroom behavior management, especially students misbehavior. therefore, this study aimed to comparatively investigate english and arabic teachers’ use of different behavior managementstrategies, their self-efficacy, and their success in an iranian context. th...