In this research, the optimal pricing decisions for two complementary products in a two-echelon supply chain under two scenarios are studied. The proposed supply chain in each echelon includes one retailer and two manufacturers and the same complementary products are produced. In the first scenario, we assume the unit manufacturing costs of the complementary products in each echelon are the sam...

green supply chain management is an environmental approach in supply chain management that aims to decrease ecological risks in products’ life cycle. closed-loop supply chain by collecting and recycling the harmful production in nature attempts to achieve this goal. in this paper, due to different strategies in collecting products, several pricing models in two-echelon closed supply chain are p...

Abstract   Vertical cooperative (co-op) advertising is typically a cost sharing mechanism and coordinated effort by the channel’s members in order to increase demand and overall profits. In this marketing strategy, the manufacturer shares a fraction of the retailer’s advertising investment. This paper studies the advertising and pricing decisions in a retailer-manufacturer supply chain in which...

Cooperative advertising, which usually occurs in a vertical supply chain, is typically a cost sharing and promotion mechanism for the manufacturer to affect retail performance. Research in the literature, reference price is usually in his mind and plays a determinant role. Taking into account the impact of advertising on the reference price, this paper proposes a dynamic cooperative advertising...

Pricing is one of the major aspects of decision making in supply chain. In the previous works mostly a centralized environment is considered indicating the retailers cannot independently apply their decisions on the pricing strategy. Although in a two-echelon decentralized environment it may be possible that supply chain contributors have encountered with different market power situations which...

This study considers pricing, production and transportation decisions in a Stackelberg game between three-stage, multi-product, multi-source and single-period supply chains called leader and follower. These chains consist of; manufacturers, distribution centers (DCs) and retailers. Competition type is horizontal and SC vs. SC. The retailers in two chains try to maximize their profit through pri...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Advertising has a crucial impact on product's goodwill. To further improve goodwill and make more profit, member firms in the supply chain use various contracts to coordinate channel. Considering dynamic effect of advertising, this paper studies two-level consisting one manufacturer retailer. The two members focus maximizing their profits through advertising p...

We analyze a tourism supply chain containing a theme park, local hotels, and multiple travel agents using a game theoretic approach in three scenarios: Nash equilibrium, Stackelberg equilibrium, and full cooperation. We find that a vertical cooperative advertising strategy is particularly effective in increasing customer demand.

In a two-stage supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer, the pricing and retail service decisions are researched in an uncertain environment. The manufacturing cost, retail cost and market demand are all characterized as uncertain variables. In consideration of the different market power of the manufacturer and the retailer, three non-cooperative games are analyzed, and their ...

Cooperative (co-op) advertising plays a significant role in marketing programs in conventional supply chains and makes up the majority of promotional budgets in many product lines for both manufacturers and retailers. Nevertheless, most studies to date on co-op advertising have only assumed that the market demand is only influenced by the advertising level but not in any way by the retail price...