man's past condition is related to his present life and history means surveying the quality of the past activities whose traces remain in the present time. the main field of historical research is man's past life, the stages which have been put behind in the process of evolution and changes as well as progresses made in these stages. history is a means to provide human beings with a complete in...

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In the Tanzanian country town of Rwangwa, a bitter confrontation has developed between Sufi Muslims and Islamist reformers. The Islamists draw on Middle Eastern inspiration, but the conflict arises equally from local, regional and national context, and is cultural as well as religious and political. Situated in an economically and educationally disadvantaged region, access to land and trade for...

moghul's invasion of iran led to the spread of insecurity, destruction of civil infrastructure and religious-ideological vacuum caused by the toppling of the kingdom. this not only improved the status of sufism as the center of attention for the common people to avoid the governors' tyranny but also made the faraway areas an ideal place for the cultural elites. given the above, yazd w...

Abstract Along with the critique of generic terms, such as religion or mysticism, regarded Western-centric, comparison in religious studies has been faulted for reinforcing Western dominance over rest world. Global Religious History claims to constructively address these charges by focusing on global entanglements. On closer inspection, however, if latter are theorized at all, an astounding exc...