In addition to physical fitness, psychological factors can have a great impact on athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental toughness, perceived motivational climate, and goal orientation among professional athletes. The research was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of all professional athletes who participate...

Background: Nursing has always been one of the most stressful jobs. Nurses as a key group in the treatment system experience a lot of job stress that can cause fatigue and burnout and thus a negative impact on their mental health. Burnout is an emotionally exhausting state in which a person feels affected and exhausted by their job, in which the person feels unable to meet job expectations, and...

the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...

murder of wife during adultery: if a man sees his wifes adultery with another man, he can kill both of them. and he is not guilty in this murder. this sentence is the opinion of imami jurists and numerous comments on this issue are the main reasons for the sentence. that is the opinion of the sunni jurists too. murder of wife and the stranger man are permitted. but in contrast to these views, ...

‏‎‏‎utopia has, for four centuries, accompanied that hope of progress and that striving for betterment. it now straggles against a widespread sense that this has been an illusion, or an impossible dream. the utopian idea can never entirely disappear, but utopia as a form of the social imagination has clearly weakened. if it cannot instill its vision in the public consciousness, the consequences...

   In this essay, we investigated the effects of climate change on the rivers of selected basins of Guilan province, one of the northern provinces of Iran for the period 2020 to 2050 under three climate scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5. For this purpose, rainfall and temperature data from 45 climate data stations and 20 hydrometric stations from 1983 to 2013 were used. The average precipitatio...