همچنین با استفاده از نتیجه های به دست آمده الگوریتم هایی برای امتحان یکتایی رنگ پذیری ارائه داده شد. به عنوان یک کاربرد، مثال نقضی را برای حدس ژو، مربوط به ‎3-‎رنگ پذیری یکتای گراف های بدون مثلث بررسی می کنیم ‎ایده ی اصلی این پایان نامه از مقاله ‎‎c‎. ‎hillar‎, ‎t‎. ‎windfeldt‎, ‎it algebraic characterization of uniquely vertex colorable graphs, ‎j‎. ‎combin‎. ‎theory ser‎. ‎b 98 (2008) 400...

Background: Meta-cognition refers to self-knowledge, control and monitoring of one’s thinking and emotional processes, such a meta-cognition, and meta-emotion which is consisted of: a) confidence in extinguishing perseverative thoughts and emotions; b) confidence in interpreting own emotions as cues, restraining from immediate reaction and mind-setting for problem-solving; c) confidence in sett...

the present study aimed to investigate representation of discourse markers and metadiscourse markers in conversations and readings of general elt coursebook series used in the language centers of iran. to this aim, four elt coursebooks popularly taught in language centers of this country were analyzed based on fung and carter’s (2007) framework regarding discourse markers and hyland’s (2005) fr...

‘romanticism’ and ‘romantic’ are among the most controversial terms in literature. most readers, when encountering these words, would think of the well-known period of romanticism of the first three decades of the nineteenth century and the great six english poets known as ‘the big six’ of this period. however, romanticism does not belong to certain artists in a special period; one may seek ele...

‏‎translation as a comunicative process is always said to be associated with various aspects of meaning loss or gain. subtitling as a mode of translating, due to special discoursal and textual conditions imposed upon it, is believed to be an obvious case of this loss or gain. presenting the spoken sound track of a film in writing and synchronizing the perception of this text by the viewers with...

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cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...

there has been a gradual shift of focus from the study of rule systems, which have increasingly been regarded as impoverished, … to the study of systems of principles, which appear to occupy a much more central position in determining the character and variety of possible human languages. there is a set of absolute universals, notions and principles existing in ug which do not vary from one ...

one of the most important factors in study of project’s , is the study of environmental opportunities factors the permanent study of environmental opportunity factors . the study of permanent environmental changing and knowing golden threats’ cooperate with possible threats and at the result in structure forming and future skeleton of organization has a vital effects . the petrochemical industr...

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...