We present a new model for climate system analysis, called CLIMBER-2 (for CLIMate and BiosphERe, level 2). This model fills the current gap between simple, highly parameterized climate models and computationally expensive coupled models of global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. We outline the basic assumptions implicit in CLIMBER-2 and we present examples of climate system analysis includi...

We herein present the CLIMBER-3a Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC), which has evolved from the CLIMBER-2 EMIC. The main difference with respect to CLIMBER-2 is its oceanic component, which has been replaced by a state-ofthe-art ocean model, which includes an ocean general circulation model (GCM), a biogeochemistry module, and a state-of-the-art sea-ice model. Thus, CLIMBER3a ...

Combinatorial optimization problems are often used to test heuris-tics. Among heuristics, stochastic ones deserve particular consideration being generally meta-heuristics that aim at performing reasonnably well on a wide spectrum of problems. Among them, evolutionary algorithms have recently appeared. Emphasis have been put on them by researches that have shown that they are able to solve eecie...

Climbing incidents present a myriad of challenges to prehospital teams. Management decisions are often influenced by factors including difficulties in accessing patients, limited available resources and safe egress from scenes. This case illustrates the importance of an adaptable and innovative approach to scene management and clinical decision making in such cases.

Juveniles of three species of Hawaiian gobiid fishes climb waterfalls during migration to adult habitats using two kinematically distinct patterns: Awaous guamensis and Lentipes concolor use rapid, intermittent bouts of axial undulation (‘powerbursts’), whereas Sicyopterus stimpsoni inches up waterfalls by alternately attaching oral and pelvic suckers to the substrate. Despite the differing kin...