What is the weak instruments (WI) problem and what causes it? Universal agreement does not exist on these questions. We define weak instruments by two features: (1) 2SLS is badly biased toward the OLS estimate and alternative “unbiased” estimators such as LIML may not solve the problem and (2) the standard (first order) asymptotic distribution does not give an accurate framework for inference. ...

in this study, attempts are made to recognize effective factors in enhancing the intension to use online stock trading application by real investors via combining the models of reasoned action and decomposed theory of planned behavior and merging it with dimensions of online stock trading. questionnaires designed and ditributed between 300 people attended in tehran stock exchange and agah broke...

although the research on organizational citizenship behaviors (ocbs) has increased dramatically in diverse fields during the past decade, little is known about the ocbs in the information systems area. the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of ocbs on information systems success. in order to perform empirical analyses, measurements on the ocbs constructs based on the five dimension...

the purpose of this research is to consider the relationship between enterprise intelligence, attractiveness and banks’ internal capabilities with their competitiveness. research method is descriptive-correlative with structural equation model. statistical community includes all managers and employees in various branches of ilam provincial public (governmental) banks, totally 1800 subjects. by ...

application of modern irrigation and drainage canals for efficient use of water resources is necessary. thus , identifying the factors influencing farmers ’ attitudes toward participation in irrigation and drainage projects (idp) is essential. the purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting attitude toward participation in idp in syakh darenjan, fars province , iran. stratified rando...