this study aims at analyzing spatial pattern and associations of fagus oriantalis lipsky in different vertical classes in intact beech forests. data collection was done in 25 ha plot in gorazbon district of educational and experimental forests of university of tehran. species and dbh of all trees with dbh > 7.5 cm were recorded. the location of each tree was determined using azimuth and distanc...

A master element to be employed as a general spatial rod finite element is presented. This spatially curved and pretwisted element can have variable cross-section and variable curvature change. It may also be resting on an elastic foundation. Also, a finite element formulation for a general earthquake analysis of spatial rods is presented. The theoretical foundation has lead to a general-purpos...

large urban areas are facing growing problems of noise pollutions. geospatial information systems (gis) can conveniently be adapted to gather, analyze and present noise information. gis can also be extended to answer to user specific problems through deterministic and statistics models. the objectives of this research were to measure urban traffic noise levels, analyze temporal and spatial dyna...

introduction the consequence of cooperation between environmental factors and circulation patterns in a long time can determine the arrangement of type and manner in humidity in geographical area. the knowledge about space dispersion in geographical areas assists preparing sound programming and proper environmental decision making. relative humidity is the most commonly used measurements of moi...

it is expected that inflation in a country with one currency is convergent in all regions. this has been associated with “convergence” directly. in policymakers’ viewpoint, convergence is a serious topic. although the topic of inflation is investigated in macroeconomics, some inflation indexes, for instance inflation of food prices has attracted special attention. generally, the issue of food i...