hedging is a multi-purpose rhetorical strategy which is usually used in scientific arguments to secure ratification of claims, reduce the risk of negation, avoid conflict, manage disagreement and leave room for the audience to assess presented information. hedges are frequently used in research articles to mitigate the findings of research endeavors. the present research aims to investigate the...

Identifying the appropriate software components in the software design phase is a vital task in the field of software engineering and is considered as an important way to increase the software maintenance capability. Nowadays, many methods for identifying components such as graph partitioning and clustering are presented, but most of these methods are based on expert opinion and have poor accur...

به کارگیری روشهای بهینه سازی در تحلیل سیستم های عمران، همانند شبکه های توزیع آب و جمع آوری فاضلاب، منابع آب، سازه و... در چند دهه اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین این رشته واقع شده است. با توجه به هزینه بری فراوان طرحهای آب و فاضلاب (شبکه های توزیع آب و جمع آوری فاضلاب) لزوم به کارگیری روشهای نو و به صرفه برای طراحی و اجرای سیستم های مذکور احساس می شود. روشهای سنتی و مرسوم طراحی شبکه های توزیع آب و جمع آ...

the poor orientation of the restaurants toward the information technology has yet many unsolved issues in regards to the customers. one of these problems which lead the appeal list of later, and have a negative impact on the prestige of the restaurant is the case when the later does not respond on time to the customers’ needs, and which causes their dissatisfaction. this issue is really sensiti...

this thesis attempts to measure learning styles, self efficacy and intrinsic motivation as predictors of iranian ielts reading comprehension. in order to address this issue, a quantitative study was conducted on some randomly selected intact students at ferdowsi university. these two groups were assigned as they were undergraduate (ba=91) and graduate (ma =74) students; they were all aged betwe...

the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...

textbooks play a crucial role in language learning classrooms. the problem is that among the great quantity of available textbooks on the market which one is appropriate for a specific classroom and a group of learners. in order to evaluate elt textbooks, theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. this study evaluate...

regarding the ever evolving and improving world on different aspects of knowledge, the need to a worldwide communication would emerge stronger than ever before which calls for special attention on the judgments and best choices for intermediating between the nations. as the language skills for translation are tested separately from translation skills themselves, to assess translation skills pro...