according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...

toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...

  Background : Early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis disability is very important in managing patients. The aim of this study is to use Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT) to evaluate the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) of MS patient as a predictor factor of their disability scales.   Methods : In this cross-sectional study a total of 69 patients with RR.MS were included on the revised McDonal...

writing an academic article requires the researchers to provide support for their works by learning how to cite the works of others. various studies regarding the analysis of citation in m.a theses have been done, while little work has been done on comparison of citations among elt scopus journal articles, and so the dearth of research in this area demands for further investigation into citatio...

introduction: diabetes mellitus is an growing national and international public health concern. the number of people affected by diabetes in world by 2030 will be 69% in developing countries. regular physical activity plays a key role in the management of type 2 diabetes melitus, particularly glycemic control. it has been recommended that peoples with type 2 diabetes participate in moderate-int...

Background and purpose: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is an important subject and unfortunately an overlooked symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) especially in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of affected functional systems on primary sexual dysfunction. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Tehran, Iran in which a sample of female patients with...

abstract the third millennium has started, but the world is facing with serious challenges in achieving international security and peace. various human rights violations have lead the states to find means to protect human rights. also article 55 of the united nations charter introduces the respect to human rights and fundamental freedom as the most suitable ways to realize peace and security. ...

Background: The hippocampus, a vital center for learning and memory, is extremely vulnerable to neurological diseases.Several reports of cognitive and memory impairment have been published in patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS). The prevalence of MS is highest where environmental supply of vitamin D is low. In the present study spatial working memory and reference memory after treatment with ...

Background and Objective: Working memory is the most basic pillar of memory for doing cognitive tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory in veterans and disabled athletes.   Material and Methods: The method of this study was semi-experimental. 24 veterans and disabled of Shiraz athletes participated in t...