toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...

چکیده ندارد.

the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

The strategy for smart specialization university has been one of the main policies of the European Union in recent years to develop regional performance and economic growth through university systems. In spite of this, no research has been done to identify the components of this strategy. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the components of the smart specialization strategy of higher edu...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of innovation strategy on the performance of new product development, with emphasis on the value co-creation strategy in Tehranchr('39')s private insurance companies. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The research community was senior managers in five areas of insurance (liability, fire, automobile, freight and machinery) i...

The present study is conducted in tanderm with objectives set out in Iran's Third Development Plan and follows up on studies by such researchers as Chandler (1962,Strategy and Structure), David (1999, Strategy and Environment), Deghat (1998, Strategy and Efficient Management), Robins (1990, Organization Success) and others, all of whom have worked on concepts such as efficiency, strategy, manag...

One of the UN Millennium Development Goals is women's participation in urban management. This article develops a theoretical framework for analyzing the relationship between community- based planning and women participation in cities. In this regard, collective action, social capital, and neighborhood as location for community planning are used. The framework identifies a series of variables th...

بعلت نیاز کشور به محصولات فولادی و مطرح بودن صنعت فولاد بعنوان یک راه کار نو برای کسب درآمد بعد از نفت، انتخاب استراتژی توسعه در دستور کار شرکت فولاد قرار گرفته است. از آنجا که توسعه از طریق افزایش ظرفیتهای موجود و احداث کاستیها با توجه به بالانس ظرفیتهای مذاب، ریخته گری و نورد فولاد می تواند بالاترین ارزش افزوده را در برداشته باشد. از سال 73 اقدام به خرید کارخانجات مختلف جهت افزایش ظرفیت محصول...