‏‎translation as a comunicative process is always said to be associated with various aspects of meaning loss or gain. subtitling as a mode of translating, due to special discoursal and textual conditions imposed upon it, is believed to be an obvious case of this loss or gain. presenting the spoken sound track of a film in writing and synchronizing the perception of this text by the viewers with...

fluorescence chemical sensors for the highly sensitive and selective determination of pb2+ , hg2+, co2+ and fe3+ ions in aqueous solutions are described. the ion sensing system was prepared by incorporating lipophilic ligand (l) as a neutral ion-selective fluoroionophore in the plasticized pvc membrane containing sodium tetraphenylborate or potasium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate as a liphoph...

abstract given the importance of the text’s formal aspects, in addition to its content, poetry presents special challenges to translators. poetry has its own distinctive features that cannot be rendered into another language easily. the translation of poetry into poetry entails preserving the rhyme, figurative language and the general tone of the original. the present study was an attempt to i...

this study attempted to explore if teaching english collocations through two different modes of awareness-raising and input flooding has any possible differential effect on immediate retention as well as retention in a delayed assessment. it also compared the possible differential effect of teaching english collocations implicitly and explicitly on actively using the items in writing. m...

learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

today, the route for economic development in most countries is the same as international open competitive economy. economic institutes well known that supportive public economy belonged on the past and they may compete in the global economy. it is obvious that if they have no competitive potency or not familiar with competition technique, they may be devastated. banking system aims to collect t...

in this thesis, at first we investigate the bounded inverse theorem on fuzzy normed linear spaces and study the set of all compact operators on these spaces. then we introduce the notions of fuzzy boundedness and investigate a new norm operators and the relationship between continuity and boundedness. and, we show that the space of all fuzzy bounded operators is complete. finally, we define...

the issue of curriculum and syllabus evaluation and revision has been in center of attention right from when curriculum came into attention of educational institutions. thus everywhere in the world in educational institutions curricula and syllabi are evaluated and revised based on the goals, the needs, existing content, etc.. in iran any curriculum is designed in a committee of specialists and...

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...