abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using model essays on the development of writing proficiency of iranian pre-intermediate efl learners. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 55 pre- intermediate learners of parsa language institute were chosen by means of administering proficiency test. based on the results of the pretest, two matched groups, one as the expe...

toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...

this study investigates the strategies native english and persian speakers employ for expressing gratitude in different situations. the strategies of persian efl learners are also compared with english strategies in order to find the differences that may exist between these two languages. social status and size of imposition of the favor are social variables which are investigated in detail for...

The development of university centers is one of the causes of the modern physical alteration of cities and has a major impact on the development process of the city. This research studies the impact of university centers on changing and developing the use of spaces around Tabriz Metropolis. The research tools included observation and direct field studies, reviewing the maps of in 1968, 1996 and...

The entire world has seen more or less dramatic changes in objectives and status of plans, as well as how plans are devised. Recent plans are more diverse when it comes to setting objectives and mainly stress the sustainability of development, rather than development per se. Modernday plans are mainly strategic and collaborative rather than technocratic. Finally, these plans are mostly non- cen...

the purpose of this study is to investigate and explore the causes of identity crisis as one of the debilitating consequences of colonial project after the withdrawal of colonial power. in order to do justice to the full-length severity of displacement that was the fruit of indentureship, v. s. naipauls west indian epic, a house for mr biswas, has been scrutinized with the main focus being the ...

Rural conducted plan is being imposed to accomplish rural development. In fact, these plans are regarded as a document for social – economic development at village level. These plans aim to meet all of residential, services and entertainment needs within their time period taking into account village settings as well as the relevant ultra-plans. However, the implementations of these plans face s...

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