abstract: advertisements are the most accessible type of authentic materials, and this is one reason why they are used more and more in english teaching classes. for this cause, studies in the field of advertisements are very widespread nowadays. for pun is one aspect which makes advertisements more interesting, it is used more than before in advertisements. use of puns makes an advertisement m...

colonialism is an important factor in cultural production and many of cultural constructs all over the world. english and english language teaching are at the center of the contemporary world. postcolonial literature, the genre achebe exercised, is a kind of historical text which has become central to different debates and criticisms. in this thesis, different elements related to the colonial...

we commence by using from a new norm on l1(g) the -algebra of all integrable functions on locally compact group g, to make the c-algebra c(g). consequently, we find its dual b(g), which is a banach algebra so-called fourier-stieltjes algebra, in the set of all continuous functions on g. we consider most of important basic theorems about this algebra. this consideration leads to a rather com...

this research study aimed to investigate the relationship between field-dependence/independence cognitive style and vocabulary learning strategies among iranian efl learners. ninety participants majoring in english translation at arak university were chosen. the participants were classified into two groups of field-dependent and independent based on the results of group embedded figure test (ge...

چکیده بر اساس دولی و لوینسـون (2001)، پیوسـتگی یکی از مهم ترین مفاهیم تحلیل گفتمان است، که به روابط معنایی موجود در متـن اشاره می کند. این عنصر گفتمانی نشان می دهد که چگونه بخشی از گفتمان از نظر مفهومی با بخش دیگر ارتباط پیدا کرده، و به واسطه ی آن درک می شود. ابزارهای پیوستگی به شش دسته ی عبارات توصیفی (descriptive expressions)، همانندی (identity)، روابط واژگانی (lexical relations)، الگوهای ص...

abstract while task-based instruction is considered as the most effective way to learn a language in the related literature, it is oversimplified on various grounds. different variables may affect how students are engaged with not only the language but also with the task itself. the present study was conducted to investigate language and task related engagement on the basis of the task typolog...

بر اساس لوینسون (2010) پیوستگی یکی از مهم ترین مفاهیم تحلیل گفتمان است، که روابط معنایی موجود در متن را نشان می دهد. لوینسون (همان) انواع ابزارهای پیوستگی را طبق طبقه بندی دولی و لوینسون (2001) معرفی کرده است. براساس این طبقه بندی ابزارهای پیوستگی به شش دسته تقسیم می شوند: عبارت های توصیفی (descriptive expressions)، همانندی (identity)، روابط واژگانی (lexical relations)، الگوهای صرفی- نحوی (morp...

efl/esl textbooks have been regarded as essential language teaching materials with which the learners spend about 70 up to 90 percent of their class time. the important role they play and their vast use make them not only influential in learning the language but also in shaping values and attitudes. put it another way, textbooks socialize learners using their contents (i.e. texts, illustrations...

just as motivation is important in sla research, demotivation constitutes an important factor, too. there are many studies done on demotivation and burnout of teachers. many of these studies have been conducted on one or two aspects of english instruction. consequently, there are few studies which have been done on more than two aspects of english teaching. the aim of this study is to find out ...

introduction acetic acid bacteria are large group of obligate aerobic gram negative bacteria with the ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid (1). they are widely distributed in natural habitats and classified in family acetobacteraceae. members of this family are useful in industrial production of vinegar(2). acetic acid bacteria (aab) can use substrates as glucose, ethanol, lactate or glyc...