به کارگیری روشهای بهینه سازی در تحلیل سیستم های عمران، همانند شبکه های توزیع آب و جمع آوری فاضلاب، منابع آب، سازه و... در چند دهه اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین این رشته واقع شده است. با توجه به هزینه بری فراوان طرحهای آب و فاضلاب (شبکه های توزیع آب و جمع آوری فاضلاب) لزوم به کارگیری روشهای نو و به صرفه برای طراحی و اجرای سیستم های مذکور احساس می شود. روشهای سنتی و مرسوم طراحی شبکه های توزیع آب و جمع آ...

this experimental study has been conducted to test the effect of oral presentation on the development of l2 learners grammar. but this oral presentation is not merely a deductive instruction of grammatical points, in this presentation two hypotheses of krashen (input and low filter hypotheses), stevicks viewpoints on grammar explanation and correction and widdowsons opinion on limited use of l1...

abstract this study examines the effect of teaching lexical inferencing strategies on developing reading comprehension skill of iranian advanced efl learners. participants were female students of meraj and shokouh institudes of garmsar a quasi-experimental design using two intact advanced classes of efl students at meraj and shokouh institutes. as the first step, a general toefl proficiency te...

different researchers in different parts of the world have investigated the strategies used to translate written works ranging from novels to classroom assignments. however, by the significant increase in the number of postgraduate students in iran in the last few years, a very common kind of translation in iran includes translating abstracts of master’s theses. in this work, the researcher hav...

the present paper deals with criminal issues. for example, legal injunction on the necessity of returning a deposit has a legal nature and legal injunction on the punishment of those who breach the trust has a criminal nature. existing social issues are the basis of classification of some instances into the issue, some of which are based on variation and others on quality. therefore, the motiva...

today the image of a permanent skeletal space of cities affected by some forces or mechanisms is put in time with social-economic development and while imposes a new face and perspective to physical anatomy of cities, and prepares field to changes in content and social- economic structures of cities too. simultaneously with quitting villages in order to settle in cities by villagers, the phen...

many mobile and off-grid devices include electronics and other electrical consumers like servo drives, which need a quite low supply power. since the price for photovoltaic modules drops continuously, photovoltaic power supply is interesting in more and more applications. in solar powered systems, a battery is needed to store energy for the night and cloudy periods. the power electronics of suc...

armenias geopolitics and its historical experience have had a determining impact on the character of its foreign policy .present-day armenia is a small, landlocked country with _11,620 square miles area armenias landlocked nature makes it dependent on the benevolence of its neighbors for access to the outside world a fact that gives it a sense of isolation and vulnerability. as it was indic...