Sixty-five years ago, Ronald Coase (1937) asked what determines whether production will be organized in a firm or through the market, later coined the "make-or-buy" decision. This question was put center stage by Oliver Williamson (1975, 1985) who further developed transaction-costs economics (TCE), arguing that incomplete contracts and specific relationships overshadowed by opportunism, asymme...

[naeini1] in this paper, a new method is proposed to find the fuzzy optimal solution of fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems (fmolpp) with fuzzy right hand side and fuzzy decision variables. due to the imprecise nature of available resources, determination of a definitive solution to the model seems impossible. therefore, the proposed model is designed in order to make fuzzy decisi...

Smooth implementation and controlling conflicting goals of a project with the usage of all related resources through organization is inherently a complex task to management. At the same time deterministic models are never efficient in practical project management (PM) decision problems because the related parameters are frequently fuzzy in nature. The project execution time is a major concern o...

Pricing is one of the major aspects of decision making in supply chain. In the previous works mostly a centralized environment is considered indicating the retailers cannot independently apply their decisions on the pricing strategy. Although in a two-echelon decentralized environment it may be possible that supply chain contributors have encountered with different market power situations which...

In 1937, Ronald Coase argued that firms will exist only in environments in which firms perform better than markets could. To create space for firms, Coase suggested that some environments might be plagued by “transaction costs” that cause markets to perform poorly. Coase’s paper was to become the cornerstone of the economic theory of the firm (i.e., the “make or buy” decision: which activities ...

This paper proposes and evaluates a model of supply chains as networks of auctions. In this model, companies are represented according to the first level of the Supply Chain Council’s SCOR model and the trading strategy of the agents is adapted from a model proposed by Steiglitz and colleagues. Specifically, the highest level of SCOR treats a company as comprising three functions, namely Source...

today, the benefits of organizations cannot be achieved by one organization alone, because the organizations are trying to make their business focus on core competence, and they outsourcing other activities to other organizations. iranian organizations have long spoken of it outsourcing is a form of serious issues; so managers need to increase their knowledge and techniques in the field of it o...