the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between fear of negative evaluation (fne) and communication strategies (css) among iranian efl learners. it was aimed to examine the differences in the use of communication strategies between speakers with high or low degree of fear of negative evaluation. the current study was a case study consisting of 10 english learners at...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of instruction through debate on male and female efl learners’ reading comprehension, to examine the differences between the performance of male and female participants on the five dimensions of cctst including analysis, evaluation, inference, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning, and to examine the differences between male ...

the following null hypothesis was proposed: there is no significant difference between the efl students listening comprehension development receiving pictorial cues and those receiving no cuse. to test the null hypothesis, 52 male and femal freshmen students of medicine studing at iran university of medical scinces were randomly selected from a total population of 72 students. to ensure that th...

abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

مطالعات قبلی بازار بیمه را به صورت کلی در نظر می گرفتند اما در این مطالعه صنعت بیمه به عنوان متغیر مستفل به بیمه های زندگی و غیر زندگی شکسته شده و هم چنین بیمه های زندگی به رشته های مختلف بیمه ای که در بازار بیمه ایران سهم قابل توجهی دارند تقسیم میشود. با استفاده از روشهای اقتصاد سنجی داده های برای دوره های 48-89 از مراکز ملی داده جمع آوری شد سپس با تخمین مدل خود بازگشتی برداری همراه با تعدادی ...