in new management approaches, in the organizations with inflexible structure, existing of red tapes and interruptions caused by limitations and also non-compliance with environmental changes, create demotivation among staff. with regard to the influence of job motivational potential and its relationship to the type of organizational structure( enabling and dissuasive), the goal of this research...

this study sought to examine the effect of cooperative game on iranian students achievements in english alphabet learning. cooperative games are games, in which players or teams work together towards a common goal without defeating someone. the methodology used in this study was experimental. the population of the study was 60 female students from the grade one in secondary school in tabriz, ir...

abstract: in the paper of black and scholes (1973) a closed form solution for the price of a european option is derived . as extension to the black and scholes model with constant volatility, option pricing model with time varying volatility have been suggested within the frame work of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (garch) . these processes can explain a number of em...

قریب به 70 درصد یعنی 69.9 درصد جمعیت بخش میرجاوه در سال 1385 در روستاها زندگی می کنندکه این میزان بیش از 2 برابر میزان درصد روستانشینی درکشور است که ضرورت مدیریت روستایی دقیق و همه جانبه را در منطقه الزامی می سازد. با توجه به اهمیت و نقش دهیاری ها در امر مدیریت نوین روستایی و اینکه اعمال مدیریت صحیح بدون تجزیه وتحلیل امکان پذیر نمی باشد؛ پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل موثر بر عملکرد دهیاران بخش ...

short story as an important literary genre in the recent decade is focused by many of young writers and literary critical with searching structure, content , artistic techniques and cognitive phenomenon of these works , we can show quantity of using some parts of storied literature from new literal techniques of the word and also we can show the usage of native, cultural and social foundation...

abstract recent studies suggest that prelistening activities play an important role in the development of listening comprehension (e.g. long 1990;chiang and dunkel 1992; schmidt-rinehart 1994; jensen and hansen 1995; robinson et al., 1995; buck, 1995; foster and skehan,1996; teng 1996; robinson, 2001; chang and read 2006). in line with previous studies and to shed light on a new aspect of sche...

previous studies regarding teachers’ beliefs have revealed that teachers’ beliefs have influence on their classroom practices. the current study aimed to investigate the effect of teachers’ beliefs about teaching reading strategies on students’ motivation and success in reading comprehension in the context of english teaching as a foreign language in high schools of mazandaran, iran. data were ...

language learning courseware has been receiving growing attention by english educators since its advent. a variety of softwares have been designed by software designers and resorted to by language educators to supplement language textbooks. this experimental study investigated how the application of computerized version of language textbooks and the reception of the entire course through comput...